Dyestuff Intermediate

Chlorogenic acid (CGA), a phenolic compound formed by the ingenious condensation of caffeic acid and quinic acid, is also chemically known as caffeic acid and is a product of complex biochemical reactions in plants. It originates from the phenylpropyl substances generated by cinnamic acid and quinic acid in plant cells under aerobic respiration conditions through the sophisticated biosynthetic pathway of shikimic acid. Chlorogenic acid is renowned for its extensive pharmacological activities. It can not only effectively lower blood pressure, blood lipid and blood sugar levels, but also has significant anti-inflammatory, antiviral and anti-tumor capabilities. Meanwhile, as a powerful antioxidant, it can help resist fatigue, strengthen bones and delay aging, demonstrating its great potential in the field of medicine and health.

Chlorogenic acid, as a water-soluble phenolic compound widely present in nature, is widely distributed in the plant kingdom, especially abundant in two traditional Chinese medicinal materials, Eucommia ulmoides and honeysuckle, and has become one of the important active components of these medicinal materials. In addition, chlorogenic acid can also be detected in a variety of daily foods such as coffee, green tea, apples and carrots. This makes it not only easy to obtain, but also highly favored due to its natural properties and almost no side effects.

An in-depth exploration of the biosynthesis mechanism of chlorogenic acid reveals that it originates from phosphoenolpyruvate produced by the emp pathway in plants, as well as shikimic acid catalyzed by 4-P-red enzyme generated in the PPP cycle (i.e., the pentose phosphate pathway). This process is also often referred to as the cinnamic acid pathway. It is precisely this pathway that endows chlorogenic acid with the characteristic of wide distribution in the plant kingdom, from higher dicotyledonous plants to lower ferns, the presence of chlorogenic acid is everywhere, especially in plants of the Caprifoliaceae, Eucommaceae, Asteraceae, Rosaceae and other families, where its content is particularly prominent. Among them, the content of chlorogenic acid in Eucommia ulmoides bark, honeysuckle flowers, sunflower seeds, coffee beans and chrysanthemums is particularly significant, reaching as high as 5%, 5%, 3%, 2% and 0.2% respectively, highlighting its important position among these plants.

It is worth noting that chlorogenic acid is not solely dependent on natural extraction; modern technology has already achieved its artificial synthesis. By using quinic acid as the starting material and through a carefully designed four-step chemical reaction, scientists have successfully synthesized chlorogenic acid. It is reported that the total yield of chlorogenic acid synthesis has now increased to 65%, laying a solid foundation for the industrial production of chlorogenic acid.

In the extraction of chlorogenic acid from plants, traditional methods mostly use organic solvents such as ethanol, acetone and methanol for extraction, including various technical means such as stone mercaptan method, lead salt precipitation method and alcohol precipitation method. However, with the advancement of technology, Beijing Shengtai 'er Company has innovatively applied a series of advanced technologies, such as ultrasonic wave and negative pressure low-temperature extraction technology, online ultra-high-speed centrifugation technology, negative pressure low-temperature concentration technology, staged alcohol precipitation and resin technology, membrane filtration technology, vacuum drying technology, and low-temperature zone spray drying technology, among seven core technologies. The comprehensive application of these technologies has greatly improved the extraction efficiency and product quality of chlorogenic acid, opening up new ways for the further development and utilization of chlorogenic acid.

Chlorogenic Acid CAS 327-97-9 Uses

In the vast field of bioactive substances, chlorogenic acid undoubtedly occupies a crucial position. It is a substance with multiple significant biological activities, just like an all-round "health guardian", playing an indispensable role in maintaining the health of the body. Its series of functions, such as antibacterial, antiviral, increasing white blood cells, protecting the liver, regulating bile, anti-tumor, lowering blood pressure, lowering blood lipid, eliminating free radicals and stimulating the central nervous system, provide multi-dimensional guarantees for the health and stability of organisms.

Antibacterial effect

Chlorogenic acid exhibits extremely powerful antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects, as if it were the "Nemesis" of harmful microorganisms such as bacteria. It can precisely combine with the outer membrane of bacteria. This combination is not a simple adhesion but is like a carefully planned "attack campaign". By closely binding to the outer membrane of bacteria, chlorogenic acid gradually destroys the membrane structure, thereby disrupting the originally stable physiological state of the bacterial outer membrane. As the membrane structure is damaged, the intracellular potential begins to gradually deplete, which is like cutting off the "energy supply line" of the bacteria, putting them in a difficult situation. The release of cytoplasmic macromolecules further intensifies the internal chaos of the bacteria, eventually leading to their death.

In the field of scientific research, many scholars have conducted in-depth explorations on the antibacterial effect of chlorogenic acid. For instance, Wei Yuchao et al. (2020) conducted a detailed study on the in vitro antibacterial effect of chlorogenic acid using the rigorous Oxford Cup method. After a series of precise experimental operations and data analyses, the research results clearly show that chlorogenic acid has demonstrated good antibacterial effects on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Proteus miri. This discovery provides a strong scientific basis for the application of chlorogenic acid in the field of antibacterial.

Similarly, the research by Wang Hongyi et al. (2020) further revealed the antibacterial mechanism of chlorogenic acid. They found that chlorogenic acid can enhance the antibacterial effect by increasing the cell membrane permeability of Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis, thereby affecting the normal function of the bacterial cell membrane and interfering with the normal growth and reproduction process of the bacteria. This in-depth exploration of the antibacterial mechanism has enabled us to have a more comprehensive and profound understanding of the antibacterial effect of chlorogenic acid.

Antioxidant effect

Chlorogenic acid, as an effective phenolic antioxidant, stands out among many similar substances in terms of its antioxidant capacity. Compared with caffeic acid, tocopherol (vitamin E) and ascorbic acid, chlorogenic acid has a more prominent antioxidant capacity. This is attributed to the certain amount of R-OH groups contained in chlorogenic acid. These groups are like "antioxidant little warriors" and can form hydrogen free radicals with antioxidant effects.

Chlorogenic acid demonstrates outstanding scavenging ability in the face of various free radicals. It can precisely identify and eliminate the activity of free radicals such as DPPH radicals, hydroxyl radicals and superoxide anions, effectively preventing the damage of these free radicals to the body tissues. Not only that, chlorogenic acid can also inhibit the formation and oxidation of low-density lipoprotein, just like putting on a layer of "protective armor" for low-density lipoprotein, protecting it from oxidation damage and thus safeguarding tissues from oxidative damage.

In relevant scientific research practices, scholars such as Wang Xiang (2020) have deeply explored the possible mechanism by which chlorogenic acid alleviates lung tissue damage in septic model rats. Through a series of complex experiments and analyses, they found that chlorogenic acid can improve the oxidative stress response by activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway. This process is like activating an "antioxidant regulatory switch" within the body, reducing the production of inflammatory factors and free radicals, thereby effectively alleviating the inflammatory response in septic rats and providing new ideas and directions for the treatment of sepsis and related diseases.

Chang Xiaocui (2020) used chlorogenic acid to repair chicken liver damage caused by cadmium. In her research, she found that chlorogenic acid could alleviate the oxidative damage of cadmium to the liver of chickens. The mechanism of action is like injecting an "antioxidant force" into the liver of chickens, effectively enhancing their antioxidant capacity. This series of studies indicates that chlorogenic acid plays a crucial role in effectively eliminating free radicals in the body and maintaining the normal structure and function of the body's cells. It is an important "member" of the body's antioxidant defense system.

Other biological activities

In addition to the aforementioned significant antibacterial and antioxidant effects, chlorogenic acid also possesses many other important biological activities. Because chlorogenic acid has a special inhibitory effect on hyaluronic acid (HAase) and glucose-6-phosphatase (Gl-6-Pase), it plays an important role in wound healing, inflammation prevention, and the regulation of blood glucose balance in the body, and has shown certain therapeutic effects.

When dealing with the challenges of various diseases and viruses, chlorogenic acid has also demonstrated strong combat effectiveness, having a strong inhibitory and killing effect on a wide range of diseases and viruses. Meanwhile, chlorogenic acid also has pharmacological effects such as lowering blood pressure, increasing white blood cells, significantly enhancing gastrointestinal peristalsis, and promoting gastric juice secretion. It is like a comprehensive "health therapist", providing multi-faceted support and guarantee for the healthy operation of the body.