Dyestuff Intermediate

** Appearance ** : Chlorhexidine appears as a white or nearly white crystalline powder. Careful observation reveals that the powder has a fine and uniform texture. Under natural light, it emits a pure color without obvious impurities or discolored spots. If you get close to smell it, it has almost no special odor. The odorless feature gives it an advantage in some application environments that are sensitive to odors. When attempting to taste it, one will find that it has a bitter flavor, and this bitterness is a manifestation of its inherent chemical properties.

** Melting point ** : The melting point of chlorhexidine is within the range of 111-116℃. When it is heated, as the temperature gradually rises and approaches its melting point range, the crystalline structure of chlorhexidine will gradually start to change. The originally solid crystalline powder will slowly transform into a liquid state. This process is a physical change from an ordered crystal state to a disordered liquid state, and the phase transition is completed within this specific temperature range.

** Storage Conditions ** : Chlorhexidine should be stored at an environment of 2-8 °C. Such a low-temperature environment helps maintain the stability of its chemical properties and prevents possible decomposition, deterioration or other chemical changes due to excessively high temperatures. When stored, it is usually necessary to place it in a dedicated refrigeration device to ensure that the temperature is always maintained within this appropriate range, thereby guaranteeing that chlorhexidine can maintain good quality and performance during storage.

** Water solubility ** : At a temperature of 20℃, the solubility of chlorhexidine in water is 0.06g / 100mL. This means that at this temperature, at most 0.06 grams of chlorhexidine can be dissolved in every 100 milliliters of water. When chlorhexidine is added to water, it will slowly interact with water molecules, attempting to disperse into the water. However, due to its own chemical properties, only a relatively small amount can truly dissolve in water, forming a slightly turbid solution. Most of the chlorhexidine will still precipitate at the bottom of the container in the form of solid powder.

** Chemical Preservative properties ** : Chlorhexidine is a widely used chemical preservative. In terms of antibacterial properties, it has significant inhibitory and killing effects on both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. However, it should be noted that its inhibitory and killing effects on certain Gram-negative bacteria are relatively poor. This is because different types of bacteria have differences in cell structure, physiological characteristics, etc., which leads to different effects of chlorhexidine on them.

** Mechanism of Action ** : Chlorhexidine has a unique dual mechanism of bactericidal and bacteriostatic action. It mainly exerts its antibacterial effect by interfering with the cell membranes of bacteria, rather than achieving the antibacterial goal by inactivating ATPase as some antibacterial substances do. Specifically, chlorhexidine can interact with certain specific components on the bacterial cell membrane, disrupting the structure and function of the cell membrane, affecting the exchange and transportation of substances inside and outside the cell, and thereby interfering with the normal metabolism and growth and reproduction of bacteria, ultimately achieving the effects of sterilization and bacteriostasis.

** Effects on Fungi and enveloped viruses ** : Chlorhexidine also has a certain inhibitory effect on fungi and enveloped viruses. Although the inhibitory effects of chlorhexidine on these two types of microorganisms have not been widely and deeply studied at present, some existing studies have shown that under certain conditions, chlorhexidine can inhibit the growth and reproduction of fungi and also has a certain reducing effect on the infectious activity of enveloped viruses. This broad-spectrum inhibitory effect on various microorganisms makes chlorhexidine have a relatively broad application prospect in the fields of disinfection and preservation.

** Safety ** : Chlorhexidine is harmful when used at high concentrations and may cause significant toxic effects on human tissues and cells, as well as irritation and damage to the skin, mucous membranes, etc. However, in many daily products, such as mouthwash and contact lens solution, chlorhexidine is safe and reliable when it exists at a low concentration. Among these products, low concentrations of chlorhexidine can effectively exert its antibacterial and antiseptic effects without causing obvious harm to the human body, thus ensuring the safety and effectiveness of the products.

Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride CAS 3697-42-5 Uses

In the field of medicine and related chemical preparations, chlorhexidine hydrochloride, as a surface-active bactericide that has attracted much attention, has demonstrated its unique and significant characteristics. It has a strong broad-spectrum antibacterial and bactericidal effect. This effect is not limited to specific types of bacteria, but can effectively kill both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

From the perspective of its application, chlorhexidine hydrochloride is not merely a simple fungicide; it also plays a significant role in the fields of disinfectants and preservatives. When used as an activator and bactericide, it can further enhance the bactericidal effect by activating relevant chemical reactions or physiological mechanisms in specific environments or systems, providing reliable guarantees for various situations that require antibacterial treatment.

Specifically, chlorhexidine hydrochloride is an excellent preservative. Among numerous product systems, it mainly plays an important role as an antibacterial agent. During the daily storage and use of the product, due to various environmental factors and possible microbial contamination sources, bacteria, fungi or yeast and other microorganisms can easily breed and multiply in it. The presence of chlorhexidine hydrochloride is like a loyal guardian, effectively controlling the proliferation of these microorganisms, ensuring the quality, safety and stability of the product, and extending the product's shelf life and usage effect.

In addition, in terms of drug quality control, the secondary standards for drugs used in quality control are of significant importance that cannot be ignored. For pharmaceutical laboratories and manufacturers, the establishment of this standard provides them with a convenient and cost-effective method for formulating internal working standards. In the actual process of drug production and research and development, pharmaceutical laboratories need to strictly test and monitor various indicators of drugs in accordance with accurate and reliable standards, while manufacturers also need to follow unified standards during the production process to ensure the consistency and stability of product quality. The secondary standards for drugs precisely meet these demands. They are not only relatively easy to operate and do not require overly complex or expensive experimental conditions, but also can effectively reduce the cost of compilation while ensuring the accuracy of the standards. This enables pharmaceutical laboratories and manufacturers to carry out their work more efficiently and provides strong support for the control of drug quality.